Bab I PENDAHULUAN

1.1. Pengertian Metodologi Penelitian
1.2. Kenapa Perlu Penelitian
1.3. .....

Metode Saintis

Scientific method

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Haytham#Engineering
Neuroscientist Rosanna Gorini notes that "according to the majority of the historians al-Haytham was the pioneer of the modern scientific method."^[17][71] Ibn al-Haytham developed rigorous experimental methods of controlled scientific testing to verify theoretical hypotheses and substantiate inductive conjectures.^[31] Ibn al-Haytham's scientific method was very similar to the modern scientific method and consisted of the following procedures:^[72]

1. Observation
2. Statement of problem
3. Formulation of hypothesis
4. Testing of hypothesis using experimentation
5. Analysis of experimental results
6. Interpretation of data and formulation of conclusion
7. Publication of findings

An aspect associated with Ibn al-Haytham's optical research is related to systemic and methodological reliance on experimentation (i'tibar) and controlled testing in his scientific inquiries. Moreover, his experimental directives rested on combining classical physics ('ilm tabi'i) with mathematics (ta'alim; geometry in particular) in terms of devising the rudiments of what may be designated as a hypothetico-deductive procedure in scientific research. This mathematical-physical approach to experimental science supported most of his propositions in Kitab al-Manazir (The Optics; De aspectibus or Perspectivae) and grounded his theories of vision, light and colour, as well as his research in catoptrics and dioptrics (the study of the refraction of light). His legacy was further advanced through the 'reforming' of his Optics by Kamal al-Din al-Farisi (d. ca. 1320) in the latter's Kitab Tanqih al-Manazir (The Revision of [Ibn al-Haytham's] Optics).^[23][48]

The concept of Occam's razor is also present in the Book of Optics. For example, after demonstrating that light is generated by luminous objects and emitted or reflected into the eyes, he states that therefore "the extramission of [visual] rays is superfluous and useless."^[73]

Basic steps of a research project

a. Mencari Topik ; What dan When?
b. Rumuskan Pertanyaan ; What dan Why?
c. Definisikan Populasi ; Who dan When?
d. Pilih Desain dan Pengukuran ; Who?
e. ...